Theileria annulata in CD5(+) macrophages and B1 B cells.

Theileria parasites infect and transform bovine leukocytes. We have analyzed laboratory-established Theileria sp.-infected leukocyte lines and observed that transformed macrophages express CD5. Low-level expression of CD5 by macrophages was further confirmed on three independent Theileria annulata clinical isolates from Tunisia. Interestingly, the fourth CD5(+) clinical isolate (MB2) was morphologically different, expressed surface immunoglobulin M (IgM) and BoLA class II, and had rearranged Ig light-chain genes. To demonstrate that MB2 did indeed contain CD5(+) B cells, individual clonal lines were obtained by limiting dilution, and CD5 expression and Ig gene rearrangement were confirmed. This suggests that in natural infections T. annulata can invade and transform CD5(+) B cells.