Monobactams and carbapenems for treatment of intraabdominal infections.

During the last decade improved clinical and microbiological methods have resulted in the realization that most intraabdominal infections involve both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Papers on the use of different antimicrobial agents directed against the polymicrobial flora of the infected site have been published. In this paper the use of monobactams and carbapenems for treatment of intraabdominal infections is reviewed. The review is based on data published since 1990. Three hundred forty-four patients participated in three trials where aztreonam combined with clindamycin was compared with other antimicrobial agents for treatment of intraabdominal infections. Eighty-six percent of the patients receiving aztreonam plus clindamycin were cured/improved, while 83% of the patients receiving the comparative drugs had favorable outcomes. Eleven trials compared imipenem/cilastatin versus other antimicrobial combinations for therapy of intraabdominal infections. One thousand three hundred seventy-five patients were evaluated in the trials. Eighty percent of patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin had favorable outcomes, while 81% of the patients receiving the comparative drugs were cured/improved. Nine studies including 1,205 patients for evaluation of meropenem versus other antimicrobial agents in the treatment of intraabdominal infections have been published. Cure/improvement was seen in 96% of the patients treated with meropenem and in 91% receiving the comparative drugs. One trial has been published comparing biapenem with imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of intraabdominal infections. Eighty-three patients participated, 65% of the patients in the biapenem group were cured/improved and 68% in the imipenem/cilastatin group.