Investigational neuroprotective drugs in traumatic brain injury.

Primary neuronal injury due to acute traumatic brain-injury may cause significant damage to the CNS. However, impaired cognitive and behavioral function also occurs following secondary neuronal injury. Neuroprotective agents should be administered soon after the acute event to prevent this secondary phase. NMDA receptor antagonists, free radical scavengers and bradykinin antagonists are designed to protect the neuron from the damaging effects of mediators. Calcium-channel blocking agents and drugs promoting anaerobic glycolysis are designed to stop the intracellular processes causing ischemia. The standard treatment options for patients with brain injuries are limited. Thus, the possibility exists for poor outcomes. At this time, since there are no approved neuroprotective drugs available, experimental treatment offers a chance for improved outcomes.