OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist candesartan on infarct size resulting from regional myocardial ischemia in pigs. BACKGROUND: The effects of AT1-receptor blockade on infarct size in different species remain controversial and its potential cardioprotective mechanisms are still unclear. In pigs, infarct development closely resembles that observed in humans. METHODS: A total of 62 enflurane-anesthetized pigs underwent a protocol of 90-min low-flow ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Systemic hemodynamics (micromanometer), regional myocardial function (sonomicrometry), regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) and infarct size (TTC [triphenyl tetrazolium chloride]-staining) were determined. RESULTS: Left ventricular peak pressure decreased with candesartan (1 mg/kg i.v.) from 97+/-2 standard error of the mean (SEM) to 86+/-5 mm Hg and was then readjusted by aortic banding. In placebo pigs (n=9), infarct size was 21.8+/-4.8% of the area at risk. Candesartan (n=7) reduced infarct size to 9.7+/-2.5% (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with the AT2-receptor antagonist PD123319 (3 microg/kg/min intracoronarily [i.c.]; n=8), the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist HOE140 (0.01 microg/kg/min i.c.; n=8) or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.; n= 8) per se did not affect infarct size but did abolish the reduction of infarct size achieved by candesartan (PD123319 + candesartan (n=7): 23.2+/-4.7%; HOE140 + candesartan (n=7): 18.2+/-4.0%; indomethacin + candesartan (n=8): 21.1+/-5.2%). Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow during ischemia and the area at risk were comparable among all groups of pigs. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of infarct size by the AT1-receptor antagonist candesartan in pigs involves angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) activation, bradykinin and prostaglandins.
OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist candesartan on infarct size resulting from regional myocardial ischemia in pigs. BACKGROUND: The effects of AT1-receptor blockade on infarct size in different species remain controversial and its potential cardioprotective mechanisms are still unclear. In pigs, infarct development closely resembles that observed in humans. METHODS: A total of 62 enflurane-anesthetized pigs underwent a protocol of 90-min low-flow ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Systemic hemodynamics (micromanometer), regional myocardial function (sonomicrometry), regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) and infarct size (TTC [triphenyl tetrazolium chloride]-staining) were determined. RESULTS: Left ventricular peak pressure decreased with candesartan (1 mg/kg i.v.) from 97+/-2 standard error of the mean (SEM) to 86+/-5 mm Hg and was then readjusted by aortic banding. In placebo pigs (n=9), infarct size was 21.8+/-4.8% of the area at risk. Candesartan (n=7) reduced infarct size to 9.7+/-2.5% (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with the AT2-receptor antagonist PD123319 (3 microg/kg/min intracoronarily [i.c.]; n=8), the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist HOE140 (0.01 microg/kg/min i.c.; n=8) or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.; n= 8) per se did not affect infarct size but did abolish the reduction of infarct size achieved by candesartan (PD123319 + candesartan (n=7): 23.2+/-4.7%; HOE140 + candesartan (n=7): 18.2+/-4.0%; indomethacin + candesartan (n=8): 21.1+/-5.2%). Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow during ischemia and the area at risk were comparable among all groups of pigs. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of infarct size by the AT1-receptor antagonist candesartan in pigs involves angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) activation, bradykinin and prostaglandins.
Authors: Bryna S M Chow; Christine Koulis; Pooja Krishnaswamy; Ulrike M Steckelings; Thomas Unger; Mark E Cooper; Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm; Terri J Allen Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Jie Liu; Catherine Gu; E Bernadette Cabigas; Karl D Pendergrass; Milton E Brown; Ying Luo; Michael E Davis Journal: Biomaterials Date: 2013-02-19 Impact factor: 12.479