Closed-loop controlled administration of propofol using bispectral analysis.

Ten patients, undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia, were sedated with propofol using a closed-loop feedback control system. The bispectral index (BIS), a new processed EEG parameter, was used as control variable. Propofol administration was controlled by a patient individualised adaptive model-based controller incorporating target-controlled infusion technology combined with a pharmacokinetic-dynamic model. This feedback control system for propofol administration proved to be adequate and safe. BIS was found to be well suited as control variable.