Acute colorectal obstruction: stent placement for palliative treatment--results of a multicenter study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of stent implantation as a palliative treatment in patients with acute colonic obstruction who are not surgical candidates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients (eight women, 16 men; age range, 60-98 years) with acute colonic obstruction underwent colonic stent placement. In nine patients, the procedure was considered a primary palliative treatment; seven patients had a previous diagnosis of disseminated neoplastic disease, and two were not surgical candidates because of their poor general condition. In the remaining 15 patients, stent placement was considered the definitive palliative treatment after tumor staging. The mean time of follow-up was 8.4 months (range, 1-24 months) for patients who lived and 6.3 months (range, 1-12 months) for those who died.
RESULTS: Stent placement was successful in all patients. Clinical and radiographic findings of bowel obstruction resolved within 24 hours after stent placement in 23 (96%) patients. None of the patients required colostomy for bowel decompression after immediate stent placement. Complications developed in 10 (42%) patients: Two (8%) patients had mild rectal bleeding; three (12%), abdominal pain; two (8%), malpositioning of the stent; two (8%), pseudo-obstructive episodes due to fecal impaction; and one (4%), occlusive tumor ingrowth into the stent lumen. One (4%) patient underwent surgery to resolve stent malfunction due to poor positioning. Two (8.3%) patients--one with malpositioning of the prosthesis and the other with stent occlusion--required a new stent. The remaining complications required no further treatment. The mortality rate at 6 months was 24%. Eight patients were alive at the time this article was written.
CONCLUSION: Colorectal stent placement resulted in successful palliation of acute colonic obstruction in patients with disseminated neoplastic disease.