Dynamic decision analysis in medicine: a data-driven approach.

Dynamic decision analysis concerns decision problems in which both time and uncertainty are explicitly considered. Two major challenges in dynamic decision analysis are on proper formulation of a model for the problem and effective elicitation of the numerous time-dependent conditional probabilities for the model. Based on a new, general dynamic decision modeling framework called DynaMoL (Dynamic decision Modeling Language), we propose a data-driven approach to addressing these issues. Our approach uses available problem data from large medical databases, guides the decision modeling at a proper level of abstraction and establishes a Bayesian learning method for automatic extraction of the probabilistic parameters. We demonstrate the theoretical implications and practical promises of this new approach to dynamic decision analysis in medicine through a comprehensive case study in the optimal follow-up of patients after curative colorectal cancer surgery.