OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of nitroglycerin or urapidil on hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic parameters in hypertensive patients with pulmonary edema. DESIGN: Open, randomized and prospective clinical study. SETTING: Out-of-hospital setting and Emergency Department in a 2000-bed hospital. PATIENTS: Hundred twelve patients with evidence of hypertensive crises with pulmonary edema (systolic blood pressure (SBP) >; 200 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mm Hg and rales over both lungs) at the time when the emergency physician arrived. INTERVENTIONS: The out-of-hospital treatment consisted of oxygen via face mask, 80 mg furosemide i.v., 10 mg morphium s.c., and either nitroglycerin sublingually (initial dose: 0.8 mg; repetitive administration of 0.8 mg every 10 min to a cumulative dose of 3.2 mg) or urapidil (initial dose: 12.5 mg i.v.; repetitive administration every 15 min to a cumulative dose of 50 mg). If SBP was more than 180 mm Hgand/or DBP more than 90 mm Hg on admission, antihypertensive treatment was continued with nitroglycerin (0.3-3 mg/h) or urapidil (5-50 mg/h). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:Blood pressure (BP) was measured every 5 min with the use of an automatic oscillometric device. Serum lactate, PO2, pH value, and base excess (BE) were evaluated on admission and 6 h later. Blood pressure, serum lactate and BE on admission were significantly lower (SBP: 155 +/- 30 vs 179 +/- 33 mm Hg; p = 0.0002; DBP: 82 +/- 17 vs 93 +/- 19 mmHg; p = 0.001; lactate: 2.2 +/- 1.6 vs 3.9 +/- 2.7; p = 0.0001; BE: -1.9 +/- 3.9 vs -4.4 +/- 1.7; p = 0.0005) and PO2 and pH values were significantly higher in the urapidil group compared to the nitroglycerin group (PO2: 75 +/- 25 vs 66 +/- 17; p = 0.036; pH: 7.33 +/- 0.08 vs 7.29 +/- 0.09; p = 0.042). After 6 h no differences between the two groups were observed. CONCLUSION: The more pronounced BP reduction in the urapidil group was associated with an improved respiratory and metabolic situation in hypertensive patients with pulmonary edema. Therefore, urapidil is a valuable alternative to nitroglycerin in patients with pulmonary edema and systemic hypertension.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of nitroglycerin or urapidil on hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic parameters in hypertensivepatients with pulmonary edema. DESIGN: Open, randomized and prospective clinical study. SETTING: Out-of-hospital setting and Emergency Department in a 2000-bed hospital. PATIENTS: Hundred twelve patients with evidence of hypertensive crises with pulmonary edema (systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 200 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mm Hg and rales over both lungs) at the time when the emergency physician arrived. INTERVENTIONS: The out-of-hospital treatment consisted of oxygen via face mask, 80 mg furosemide i.v., 10 mg morphium s.c., and either nitroglycerin sublingually (initial dose: 0.8 mg; repetitive administration of 0.8 mg every 10 min to a cumulative dose of 3.2 mg) or urapidil (initial dose: 12.5 mg i.v.; repetitive administration every 15 min to a cumulative dose of 50 mg). If SBP was more than 180 mm Hg and/or DBP more than 90 mm Hg on admission, antihypertensive treatment was continued with nitroglycerin (0.3-3 mg/h) or urapidil (5-50 mg/h). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Blood pressure (BP) was measured every 5 min with the use of an automatic oscillometric device. Serum lactate, PO2, pH value, and base excess (BE) were evaluated on admission and 6 h later. Blood pressure, serum lactate and BE on admission were significantly lower (SBP: 155 +/- 30 vs 179 +/- 33 mm Hg; p = 0.0002; DBP: 82 +/- 17 vs 93 +/- 19 mmHg; p = 0.001; lactate: 2.2 +/- 1.6 vs 3.9 +/- 2.7; p = 0.0001; BE: -1.9 +/- 3.9 vs -4.4 +/- 1.7; p = 0.0005) and PO2 and pH values were significantly higher in the urapidil group compared to the nitroglycerin group (PO2: 75 +/- 25 vs 66 +/- 17; p = 0.036; pH: 7.33 +/- 0.08 vs 7.29 +/- 0.09; p = 0.042). After 6 h no differences between the two groups were observed. CONCLUSION: The more pronounced BP reduction in the urapidil group was associated with an improved respiratory and metabolic situation in hypertensivepatients with pulmonary edema. Therefore, urapidil is a valuable alternative to nitroglycerin in patients with pulmonary edema and systemic hypertension.