The elastic rod model for DNA and its application to the tertiary structure of DNA minicircles in mononucleosomes.

Explicit solutions to the equations of equilibrium in the theory of the elastic rod model for DNA are employed to develop a procedure for finding the configuration that minimizes the elastic energy of a minicircle in a mononucleosome with specified values of the minicircle size N in base pairs, the extent w of wrapping of DNA about the histone core particle, the helical repeat h(0)b of the bound DNA, and the linking number Lk of the minicircle. The procedure permits a determination of the set Y(N, w, h(0)b) of integral values of Lk for which the minimum energy configuration does not involve self-contact, and graphs of writhe versus w are presented for such values of Lk. For the range of N of interest here, 330 < N < 370, the set Y(N, w, h(0)b) is of primary importance: when Lk is not in Y(N, w, h(0)b), the configurations compatible with Lk have elastic energies high enough to preclude the occurrence of an observable concentration of topoisomer Lk in an equilibrium distribution of topoisomers. Equilibrium distributions of Lk, calculated by setting differences in the free energy of the extranucleosomal loop equal to differences in equilibrium elastic energy, are found to be very close to Gaussian when computed under the assumption that w is fixed, but far from Gaussian when it is assumed that w fluctuates between two values. The theoretical results given suggest a method by which one may calculate DNA-histone binding energies from measured equilibrium distributions of Lk.