Cloning of tropomyosins from lobster (Homarus americanus) striated muscles: fast and slow isoforms may be generated from the same transcript.

Complementary DNAs encoding fibre-type-specific isoforms of tropomyosin (Tm) have been isolated from lobster (Homarus americanus) striated muscle expression libraries made from poly(A)+ RNA purified from deep abdominal (fast-type) and crusher-claw closer (slow-type) muscles. A cDNA of slow-muscle Tm (sTm1), containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) and portions of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), encodes a protein of 284 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 32,950, assuming acetylation of the amino terminus. The nucleotide sequence of a fast-muscle tropomyosin (fTm cDNA), which includes the entire ORF and part of the 3' UTR, is identical to that of sTm1 cDNA, except in the region encoding amino acid residues 39-80 (equivalent to exon 2 of mammalian and Drosophila muscle tropomyosin genes). The deduced amino acid sequences, which display the heptameric repeats of nonpolar and charged amino acids characteristic of alpha-helical coiled-coils, are highly homologous to tropomyosins from rabbit, Drosophila, and shrimp (57% to 99% identities, depending on species). Northern blot analysis showed that two transcripts (1.1 and 2.1 kb) are present in both fibre types. Mass spectrometry indicated that fast muscle contains one major isoform (fTm: 32,903), while slow muscle contains two major isoforms (sTm1 and sTm2: 32,950 and 32,884 respectively). Both Tm preparations contained minor species with a mass of about 32,830. Sequences of peptides derived from purified slow and fast Tms were identical to the deduced amino acid sequences of the sTm1 and fTm cDNAs, respectively, except in the C-terminal region of fTm. The difference in mass between that predicted by the deduced sequence (32,880) and that measured by mass spectrometry (32,903) suggests that fTm is posttranslationally modified, in addition to acetylation of the N-terminal methionine. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the fTm and sTm1 are generated by alternative splicing of two mutually-exclusive exons near the 5' end of the same gene.