Babesiosis in China.

The importance of babesiosis in livestock in China is discussed and mainly focused on bovine and equine babesiosis. Babesiosis is still one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and has caused great economic loss. Nine species of Babesia have been recognized in livestock: B. bigemina, B. bovis, B. major, B. motasi, B. ovis, B. perroncitoi, B. trautmanni, B. equi (Theileria equi), B. caballi. The distribution of Babesia follows the distribution of the tick vectors. The main vectors of bovine babesiosis are the one-host tick Boophilus microplus and the three-host ticks Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides haemaphysaloides, Haemaphysalis punctata and Haemaphysalis longicornis. Bovine babesiosis has caused significant losses in milk and meat from cattle in most parts of China. The disease is also a barrier to improving productivity of local cattle by cross-breeding due to the high mortality of genetically superior but highly susceptible cattle, especially dairy cattle, imported from Babesia-free areas. Dermacentor nuttalli is the major vector of equine babesiosis and the tick is distributed in almost all parts of North China. Outbreaks of equine babesiosis have not been very common, but in some districts the disease has seriously affected horses, donkeys and mules.