Neural regulation in experimental heart failure.

The hallmarks of the chronic heart failure state are alterations in autonomic reflexes, neurohumoral drive and fluid balance. The available evidence suggests that several factors contribute to these alterations. These may include peripheral as well as central nervous system abnormalities. However, recent evidence from animals with experimental heart failure suggests that alterations in central neural sites involved in regulating sympathetic outflow may be important in the alterations in autonomic reflexes, neurohumoral drive and fluid balance commonly observed in heart failure. Many of these central mechanisms have not been extensively studied; a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will enhance our ability to treat the heart failure condition and its cardiovascular complications.