Integrated chip-based capillary electrophoresis.

Integrated capillary electrophoresis (ICE) is emerging as a new analytical tool allowing fast, automated, miniaturized and multiplexed assays, thus meeting the needs of the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. The current state-of-the-art of ICE is described with an emphasis on the choice of the support material (glass or polymeric materials), electrokinetic fluid handling, and injection and detection issues. Strategies and chip designs for pre- or post-column derivatization, DNA sequencing, on-line PCR analysis, on-chip enzymatic sample digestion, fraction isolation, and immunoassays are presented. The review concludes with a brief outlook.