STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether intensity, duration, age at initiation, and cessation of cigarette smoking act differently in the development of various histologic types of lung cancer. DESIGN: A case-control study among deceased men who underwent autopsy, a procedure that involves approximately 73% of all local deaths. SETTING: The Province of Trieste in northeastern Italy PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred fifty-five patients with lung cancer, including 267 with squamous cell carcinoma, 218 with small cell carcinoma, 90 with large cell carcinoma, 158 with adenocarcinoma, and 22 with other histologic types, and 755 control subjects who had died of causes other than chronic lung diseases and certain tumors. Information on smoking habits, residential history, and occupational exposure was obtained from each subject's next of kin. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) for current smokers was 13.4 for all types combined, 18.8 for squamous cell carcinoma, 14.3 for small cell carcinoma, 34.3 for large cell carcinoma, and 7.9 for adenocarcinoma. Intensity of smoking, duration, age at starting, and dose were all directly associated with all histologic types of lung cancer, although the OR was lower for adenocarcinoma than for other cell types. When results were restricted to ever smokers, exposure-response curves were similar across histologic types. The risk of lung cancer attributable to smoking was 88% for all types combined, 91% for squamous cell carcinoma, 89% for small cell carcinoma, 95% for large cell carcinoma, and 82% for adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that cigarette smoking causes all types of lung cancer, but the proportion of cases attributable to smoking is lower for adenocarcinoma than for other types, due to a higher proportion of nonsmokers.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether intensity, duration, age at initiation, and cessation of cigarette smoking act differently in the development of various histologic types of lung cancer. DESIGN: A case-control study among deceased men who underwent autopsy, a procedure that involves approximately 73% of all local deaths. SETTING: The Province of Trieste in northeastern Italy PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred fifty-five patients with lung cancer, including 267 with squamous cell carcinoma, 218 with small cell carcinoma, 90 with large cell carcinoma, 158 with adenocarcinoma, and 22 with other histologic types, and 755 control subjects who had died of causes other than chronic lung diseases and certain tumors. Information on smoking habits, residential history, and occupational exposure was obtained from each subject's next of kin. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) for current smokers was 13.4 for all types combined, 18.8 for squamous cell carcinoma, 14.3 for small cell carcinoma, 34.3 for large cell carcinoma, and 7.9 for adenocarcinoma. Intensity of smoking, duration, age at starting, and dose were all directly associated with all histologic types of lung cancer, although the OR was lower for adenocarcinoma than for other cell types. When results were restricted to ever smokers, exposure-response curves were similar across histologic types. The risk of lung cancer attributable to smoking was 88% for all types combined, 91% for squamous cell carcinoma, 89% for small cell carcinoma, 95% for large cell carcinoma, and 82% for adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that cigarette smoking causes all types of lung cancer, but the proportion of cases attributable to smoking is lower for adenocarcinoma than for other types, due to a higher proportion of nonsmokers.
Authors: Stefan Hoschek; Ursula Hoschek-Risslegger; Michael Fiegl; August Zabernigg; Georg Pall; Thomas Auberger; Eberhard Gunsilius; Thomas Schmid; Herbert Jamnig; Wolfgang Hilbe Journal: Wien Med Wochenschr Date: 2007
Authors: Pamela M McMahon; Chung Yin Kong; Bruce E Johnson; Milton C Weinstein; Jane C Weeks; Karen M Kuntz; Jo-Anne O Shepard; Stephen J Swensen; G Scott Gazelle Journal: Radiology Date: 2008-05-05 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: Stefan Hoschek; Ursula Hoschek-Risslegger; Michael Fiegl; August Zabernigg; Georg Pall; Thomas Auberger; Eberhard Gunsilius; Thomas Schmid; Herbert Jamnig; Wolfgang Hilbe Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2007 Impact factor: 1.704
Authors: S-C Chuang; G Scélo; Y-C A Lee; S Friis; E Pukkala; D H Brewster; K Hemminki; E Tracey; E Weiderpass; S Tamaro; V Pompe-Kirn; E V Kliewer; K-S Chia; J M Tonita; C Martos; J G Jonasson; P Boffetta; P Brennan; M Hashibe Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2010-03-30 Impact factor: 7.640
Authors: Erin D Pleasance; Philip J Stephens; Sarah O'Meara; David J McBride; Alison Meynert; David Jones; Meng-Lay Lin; David Beare; King Wai Lau; Chris Greenman; Ignacio Varela; Serena Nik-Zainal; Helen R Davies; Gonzalo R Ordoñez; Laura J Mudie; Calli Latimer; Sarah Edkins; Lucy Stebbings; Lina Chen; Mingming Jia; Catherine Leroy; John Marshall; Andrew Menzies; Adam Butler; Jon W Teague; Jonathon Mangion; Yongming A Sun; Stephen F McLaughlin; Heather E Peckham; Eric F Tsung; Gina L Costa; Clarence C Lee; John D Minna; Adi Gazdar; Ewan Birney; Michael D Rhodes; Kevin J McKernan; Michael R Stratton; P Andrew Futreal; Peter J Campbell Journal: Nature Date: 2009-12-16 Impact factor: 49.962