OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a predominantly black population, which has a high prevalence of open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N = 4601) (age range, 40-84 years) who had undergone applanation tonometry measurements in the Barbados Eye Study. Self-reported race was 93% black, 4% mixed (black and white), and 3% white or other. DATA COLLECTION: A standardized protocol included applanation tonometry and other ocular measurements, fundus photography, demographic data, and an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The average of 3 IOP measurements at the Barbados Eye Study visit was used to compare IOP by self-reported race. Descriptive data on IOP by age, sex, glaucoma status, and cup-disc ratio were examined in the black population. RESULTS: The IOP was highest in the population of African origin. The mean (+/-SD) IOP values for black, mixed, and white participants were 18.7 +/- 5.2, 18.2 +/- 3.8, and 16.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. An IOP greater than 21 mm Hg was present in 18.4%, 13.6%, and 4.6% of the black, mixed, and white participants, respectively. In analyses that were adjusted for age, sex, and glaucoma status, such values were 5 times as likely in black than white participants and 3.5 times as likely in mixed race participants (P < .01). Among the black participants, the mean IOP increased approximately 1 mm Hg for every increase in 10 years of age. After excluding persons with any type of glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or a history of glaucoma treatment, women had significantly (P < .01) higher IOP values; however, no significant IOP trends by sex were evident in the group with glaucoma. The IOP was also positively associated (P < .05) with vertical cup-disc ratios. After 2 visits, the IOP remained 21 mm Hg or less in 21% of the persons with glaucoma vs 64% of those without glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: In the black participants, the IOP was higher than in the white participants. The IOP was also associated with age and cup-disc ratios. The results showed that open-angle glaucoma and a high IOP alone have a different distribution by sex; although open-angle glaucoma was more frequent in men, ocular hypertension was more frequent in women. These data have implications for the detection and causation of open-angle glaucoma in this high-risk population.
OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a predominantly black population, which has a high prevalence of open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N = 4601) (age range, 40-84 years) who had undergone applanation tonometry measurements in the Barbados Eye Study. Self-reported race was 93% black, 4% mixed (black and white), and 3% white or other. DATA COLLECTION: A standardized protocol included applanation tonometry and other ocular measurements, fundus photography, demographic data, and an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The average of 3 IOP measurements at the Barbados Eye Study visit was used to compare IOP by self-reported race. Descriptive data on IOP by age, sex, glaucoma status, and cup-disc ratio were examined in the black population. RESULTS: The IOP was highest in the population of African origin. The mean (+/-SD) IOP values for black, mixed, and white participants were 18.7 +/- 5.2, 18.2 +/- 3.8, and 16.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. An IOP greater than 21 mm Hg was present in 18.4%, 13.6%, and 4.6% of the black, mixed, and white participants, respectively. In analyses that were adjusted for age, sex, and glaucoma status, such values were 5 times as likely in black than white participants and 3.5 times as likely in mixed race participants (P < .01). Among the black participants, the mean IOP increased approximately 1 mm Hg for every increase in 10 years of age. After excluding persons with any type of glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or a history of glaucoma treatment, women had significantly (P < .01) higher IOP values; however, no significant IOP trends by sex were evident in the group with glaucoma. The IOP was also positively associated (P < .05) with vertical cup-disc ratios. After 2 visits, the IOP remained 21 mm Hg or less in 21% of the persons with glaucoma vs 64% of those without glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: In the black participants, the IOP was higher than in the white participants. The IOP was also associated with age and cup-disc ratios. The results showed that open-angle glaucoma and a high IOP alone have a different distribution by sex; although open-angle glaucoma was more frequent in men, ocular hypertension was more frequent in women. These data have implications for the detection and causation of open-angle glaucoma in this high-risk population.
Authors: J Crawford Downs; Claude F Burgoyne; William P Seigfreid; Juan F Reynaud; Nicholas G Strouthidis; Verney Sallee Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2011-09-21 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Drew Nannini; Mina Torres; Yii-Der I Chen; Kent D Taylor; Jerome I Rotter; Rohit Varma; Xiaoyi Gao Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2015-10-21 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Brent Siesky; Alon Harris; Joseph Carr; Alice Verticchio Vercellin; Rehan M Hussain; Priyanka Parekh Hembree; Scott Wentz; Michael Isaacs; George Eckert; Nicholas A Moore Journal: J Glaucoma Date: 2016-09 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: Michaël J A Girard; J-K Francis Suh; Michael Bottlang; Claude F Burgoyne; J Crawford Downs Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2009-06-03 Impact factor: 4.799