Variables associated with parental stress in neonatal intensive care units.

A descriptive study was conducted to identify sources of parental stress in two types of NICUs. Data were collected from 212 parents and a single interview was done within three weeks of the infant's admission. Parents completed the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Life Events Scale, and Parent Questionnaire. Data extracted from the infant's chart were used to complete the Neonatal Morbidity Scale and Baby Data Sheet. Data were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Findings indicate that mothers and fathers differed in their responses to this experience. How parents perceived the severity of their infant's illness was the most powerful variable associated with their stress scores. Trait anxiety, desire for the pregnancy, and where and when parents first saw the baby were other variables significantly correlated with stress scores.