Quasi-induced exposure: methodology and insight.

Even though the numerator in accident rates can be accurately determined nowadays, the denominator of these rates is an item of discussion and debate within the highway safety community. A critical examination of an induced exposure technique, based on the non-responsible driver/vehicle of a two-vehicle accident (quasi-induced exposure), is presented here. Differences in exposure for a series of accident location and time combinations are investigated, the assumption of similarities between drivers of single-vehicle accidents and the responsible driver of multiple-vehicle accidents is refuted, and the use of the non-responsible driver as a measure of exposure is tested using vehicle classification data. The results of the analyses reveal the following: (1) accident exposure is different for different location and time combinations: (2) induced exposure estimates provide an accurate reflection of exposure to multiple-vehicle accidents; (3) induced exposure estimates are acceptable surrogates for vehicle miles of travel when estimates are made for conditions during which the mix of road users is fairly constant; and (4) the propensity for involvement in single-vehicle accidents is generally different than that in multiple-vehicle accidents for a given class of road users. We concluded that the quasi-induced exposure is a powerful technique for measuring relative exposure of drivers or vehicles when real exposure data are missing.