The role of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in causing vascular dysfunction in diabetes.

Hyperglycaemia and insulin abnormality are the cause of all vascular diseases in diabetes. Recent studies have narrowed down the pathways by which hyperglycaemia can cause the various complications observed in the vasculature. Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia have been associated with cardiovascular disease. New ideas are presented on how selective insulin resistance of the vasculature may be responsible for the increased incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.