Characterization of two ELISAs for NGAL, a newly described lipocalin in human neutrophils.

NGAL is a newly described member of the lipocalin protein family, secreted from specific granules of human neutrophils upon activation of the cells. Its ability to bind the bacterial chemotactic formylpeptide FMLP indicates, that NGAL may have modulatory effects on the immune response. We here describe monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against NGAL, which can be used for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and furthermore describe two ELISAs using either exclusively the polyclonal anti-NGAL antibodies or the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in combination. The assays are equally specific, reproducible, accurate, and sensitive, with a detection limit of 32 ng/l. The antibodies and assays will be valuable tools in the future investigation of NGAL expression in inflammatory and malignant disorders and in the elucidation of the function of NGAL as a modulator of the inflammatory response.