Genomic complexity and chromosomal rearrangements in wine-laboratory yeast hybrids.

In this report we describe the genomic complexity of a number of Saccharomyces yeast strains isolated from sherry wine (flor yeasts), and the genomic stability of a yeast hybrid derived from one of these and a laboratory strain. Flor yeast strains largely differed in their DNA content, but showed very few variations their molecular karyotype. These strains contained a large number of Ty2 sequences, but lacking the Ty1 elements commonly found in laboratory strains. The genetic analysis of a flor-laboratory hybrid indicated that flor yeasts were aneuploid. Hybridization patterns obtained with Ty1 and Ty2 probes in the meiotic progeny of this hybrid suggested that recombination may occur not only among homologous chromosomes of similar length, but also among polymorphic partners with different sizes. New chromosomal variants were frequently observed in the meiotic products, suggesting that polymorphism in chromosome length may itself be a major source of karyotypic variation. The genetic analysis of such variants indicated that recombinational events leading to new chromosomal forms may occur both mitotically and meiotically.