Isolation and characterization of microvascular endothelial cells from chicken fat pads.

Microvascular endothelial cells from abdominal fat pads of 6-wk-old broiler chickens were isolated to provide an in vitro system to study their physiological functions. The isolation procedure produced clumps of 10-30 cells, which attached to culture vessels in 4 h and attained confluency in 2 wk. At confluency, cells had a cobblestone appearance but were not contact inhibited and detached from the bottom of the culture vessel 2 wk after reaching confluency. The cells internalized acetylated low density lipoproteins, a characteristic of endothelial cells. This property was used to obtain pure endothelial cell cultures using the cell sorter. When cultured over Matrigel, a reconstituted matrix, the cells aligned themselves into chordlike structures and formed branching microvessels. Cells plated on type I collagen-coated culture flasks occasionally formed chordlike structures and proliferated at a faster rate than cells plated on Matrigel. Cells cultured on laminin-coated plates were slender and had long cytoplasmic extensions; however, cells cultured on uncoated plastic had fibroblastic morphology. These properties are similar to those described for microvessel endothelial cells isolated from tissues of other species.