Relative efficiency for the detection of apparent motion.

We measured the relative efficiency for motion and position discriminations of brief, localized spot stimuli with a technique that makes no assumptions about sites of noise or information loss in the visual system. In one task, the observer had to discriminate whether an increment was located at one (left) or another (right) closely spaced spots. In the other task, the observer had to discriminate two successive brief increments of the left spot from a left spot increment followed by a right spot increment. Ideal observer theory predicts identical performance on the two tasks. Observers' thresholds, however, were significantly lower in the motion task at all intervals between flashes (ISIs) less than 60 msec in one observer and all ISIs less than 150 msec in two other observers (P < 0.01, t-test). We conclude that this apparent motion stimulus is seen more efficiently than a non-moving stimulus, and that the higher efficiency may be due to use of a motion sensitive channel in addition to independent position sensitive channels.