S Bennett Johnson1, K P Tercyak. 1. Center for Pediatric Psychology Research, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville 32610-0165, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychological impact of positive islet cell antibody (ICA) screening results in children and adults, as well as their parents and spouses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The psychological impact of ICA screening results was assessed subsequent to subjects' being informed of ICA-positive (ICA+) status and was re-evaluated 4 months later. Impact was measured using the state subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for adults or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), as well as structured interviews. A total of 34 ICA+ children, 34 ICA+ adults, 33 parents, and 25 spouses were evaluated. RESULTS: At initial notification of ICA+ status, clinically and statistically significant anxiety was observed in ICA+ children and adults and their family members (P < 0.001). Parents of ICA+ children were more anxious than spouses of ICA+ adults (P < 0.05). Child and parent anxiety were significantly correlated (P < 0.05); more-anxious children lived with more-anxious parents. No significant association was found between ICA+ adults' initial anxiety and their spouses' anxiety. For ICA+ participants and their family members, anxiety dissipated to normal levels in 4 months (P < 0.02). ICA+ children were less likely than parents to believe they would ever develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Nevertheless, 52% of ICA+ children and 24% of ICA+ adults endorsed lifestyle or behavior changes as a result of their IGA+ status. Behavior change was associated with greater initial anxiety in both children and adults (P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that notification of ICA+ status has both emotional and behavioral impact. Initial notification of ICA+ status is associated with considerable anxiety in both ICA+ individuals and their family members. In most cases, this initial anxiety appears to dissipate to normal levels over time. However, many ICA+ individuals report initiating lifestyle or health behavior changes in an effort to delay or prevent IDDM onset.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychological impact of positive islet cell antibody (ICA) screening results in children and adults, as well as their parents and spouses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The psychological impact of ICA screening results was assessed subsequent to subjects' being informed of ICA-positive (ICA+) status and was re-evaluated 4 months later. Impact was measured using the state subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for adults or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), as well as structured interviews. A total of 34 ICA+ children, 34 ICA+ adults, 33 parents, and 25 spouses were evaluated. RESULTS: At initial notification of ICA+ status, clinically and statistically significant anxiety was observed in ICA+ children and adults and their family members (P < 0.001). Parents of ICA+ children were more anxious than spouses of ICA+ adults (P < 0.05). Child and parent anxiety were significantly correlated (P < 0.05); more-anxious children lived with more-anxious parents. No significant association was found between ICA+ adults' initial anxiety and their spouses' anxiety. For ICA+ participants and their family members, anxiety dissipated to normal levels in 4 months (P < 0.02). ICA+ children were less likely than parents to believe they would ever develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Nevertheless, 52% of ICA+ children and 24% of ICA+ adults endorsed lifestyle or behavior changes as a result of their IGA+ status. Behavior change was associated with greater initial anxiety in both children and adults (P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that notification of ICA+ status has both emotional and behavioral impact. Initial notification of ICA+ status is associated with considerable anxiety in both ICA+ individuals and their family members. In most cases, this initial anxiety appears to dissipate to normal levels over time. However, many ICA+ individuals report initiating lifestyle or health behavior changes in an effort to delay or prevent IDDM onset.
Authors: Eszter Goldstein; Robert Hermann; Timo J Renfors; Kirsti M Näntö-Salonen; Tapio Korhonen; Maarit Kärkkäinen; Riitta K Veijola; Mikael Knip; Tuula T Simell; Olli G Simell Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2009-09-14 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Ulrica Swartling; Kristian Lynch; Laura Smith; Suzanne Bennett Johnson Journal: J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics Date: 2016-05-30 Impact factor: 1.978