Influence of phytogenic surfactants (quillaya saponin and soya lecithin) on bio-elimination of phenanthrene and fluoranthene by three bacteria.

The influence of two phytogenic surfactants on the elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was studied in shaken-batch cultures of three soil bacteria under axenic conditions. At sufficiently high concentrations, quillaya saponin and soybean lecithin solubilized phenanthrene or fluoranthene efficiently. However, complete solubilization of the PAH by lecithin only doubled the maximal rate of elimination of the two PAH compounds by Pseudomonas 0259, strain MKm (Rhizomonas ?) and Mycobacterium EMI 2. By contrast, quillaya saponin did not improve PAH bioavailability, and in strain MKm it caused significant growth lags above 2.5 g/l. Simultaneously with the elimination of the PAH the bacteria utilized the surfactants as substrates for growth. Intermediate formation of PAH metabolites was noted. The results suggest that some phytogenic surfactants might improve PAH bioavailability in rhizospheres.