Successfully treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with smoking marijuana in a renal transplant recipient.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is often a lethal entity in transplant recipients (up to 90%). We report the successful treatment of a case of IPA in a renal transplant recipient whose only risk for exposure was habitual marijuana smoking. Although marijuana smoking has been linked to the development of IPA in patients immunosuppressed for a variety of reasons, this case is the first report involving a solid organ transplant recipient. The patient's clinical course and treatment are described and the literature is reviewed with respect to environmental and patient risk factors. In this case, IPA was associated with the patient's heavy usage of marijuana during the immediate posttransplant period. Treatment was successful and included the experimental amphotericin product amphotericin B colloidal dispersion. Contemporaneous exposure to a large amount of inocula of Aspergillus within 30 days of receiving high doses of steroids appeared to be the most important factor that predisposed this patient to IPA. Transplant recipients should be specifically proscribed from marijuana use during periods of high steroid administration.