TNF production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetic patients after stimulation with alginate and lipopolysaccharide.

Microencapsulated pancreatic Langerhans islets in calcium alginate gels have been used as an implantable bio-artificial pancreas in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, but with limited success due to overgrowth of the capsule with fibroblasts and phagocytes. The authors earlier demonstrated that alginates enriched in mannuronic acid stimulate human monocytes to produce high levels of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1 IL-6. In this study the authors have measured the TNF production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in different groups of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients after stimulation with different alginates and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It was found that high G-alginate did not induce TNF production in any of the groups. High-M alginate and LPS induced a dose-dependent TNF production in all groups and the production was significantly different from unstimulated cells. The highest TNF response was found in newly diagnosed IDDM patients and the lowest was in the controls.