Picosecond infrared studies of the dynamics of the photosynthetic reaction center.

The changes in the vibrational transitions of the protein and redox cofactors of the photosynthetic reaction center were examined by picosecond infrared spectroscopy. The spectra in the vibrational mid-infrared region (1800-1550 cm-1) of hydrated and partially dehydrated reaction centers were investigated from 50 ps to 4 ns after photoinitiation of the electron transfer. Features in the infrared difference spectra were identified with both protein and redox cofactor vibrational modes and correlated with electron transfer events whose kinetics were measured in the infrared and visible regions. The observed protein response is confined to a few amide I transitions (1644 cm-1, 1661 cm-1, 1665 cm-1) and carboxylic residues (1727 cm-1). About 85% of the observed signal corresponded to alterations in the cofactor-associated ester and keto carbonyls. The amide I and carboxylic transitions appeared prior to 50 ps, suggesting that the primary electron transfer event is coupled with a specific piece of the protein backbone and to glutamic or aspartic residues nearby the special pair. Infrared absorption changes accompanying bacteriochlorophyll-dimer cation formation dominated the signal at all times investigated. Infrared spectral changes observed in hydrated and partially dehydrated reaction centers were distinctly different; a band at 1665 cm-1 with a spectral width of 6 cm-1 in the hydrated protein, corresponding to a protein amide I bleach, was not present in the dehydrated film. These differences are discussed in terms of the markedly different electron transfer kinetics observed in the presence of water.