Estradiol induces plasticity of gabaergic synapses in the hypothalamus.

The number of axosomatic synapses on arcuate neurons of the adult rat hypothalamus fluctuates following the sequence of increasing circulatory estradiol during the ovarian cycle. To determine whether estrogen is affecting GABAergic synaptic contacts we studied the number of GABA-immunoreactive axosomatic synapses in adult ovariectomized rats injected either with 17 beta estradiol (100 micrograms/100 g body weight) or with sesame oil vehicle. The number of immunoreactive axosomatic synapses was significantly reduced in estradiol-treated rats (77 +/- 8 vs 56 +/- 6 synapses per 1000 microns of perikaryal membrane in control and estradiol-treated rats, respectively) while the number of non-immunoreactive synapses was not significantly affected by the hormonal treatment (44 +/- 6 vs 35 +/- 5 synapses per 1000 microns of perikaryal membrane in control and estradiol-treated rats, respectively). Estradiol administration also resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of perikaryal membrane covered by immunoreactive synapses. These results suggest that physiological levels of estradiol may induce a remodeling of GABAergic inhibitory inputs on arcuate neurons.