Diversity of immunoglobulin light chain usage in the human immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide.

The response to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib PS) has been used to determine the molecular basis of antibody gene diversity in humans. In contrast to the relatively restricted nature of anti-Hib PS heavy-chain variable region gene expression, a variety of light-chain variable region genes may encode this antibody (Ab) response. Light-chain variable region gene usage appears to determine the expression of certain Ab idiotypes and fine antigen specificity. To further define the role of light-chain variable region gene usage in important anti-Hib PS Ab subgroups, we have cloned and sequenced a number of immunoglobulin light-chain variable region genes (IgVL) from human monoclonal IgA anti-Hib PS Ab generated in response to Hib PS-protein conjugate vaccines. Three of these Ab are encoded by unusual variable segments. One kappa-Ab is encoded by the "predominant" V kappa II A2 germline gene but, in contrast to a previously reported A2-encoded IgVL sequence, differs from the A2 germline sequence. The IgVL sequence of a second Ab is the only sequence of a kappa-Ab that cross-reacts with the structurally related antigen Escherichia coli K100 polysaccharide reported to date. This IgVL is encoded by a V kappa III-segment most closely homologous to the Humhv328/L16 germline gene, whereas previous reports suggested V kappa III-encoded anti-Hib PS Ab might be exclusively encoded by the germline gene Humhv325/A27.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)