PURPOSE: Treatment of lymphomas with combination chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy (XRT) can result in long-term or permanent azoospermia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Semen analyses of lymphoma patients were performed before, during, and after treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo) chemotherapy. Some of the patients also received other drugs or radiation therapy. RESULTS: Although no patients were azoospermic before treatment, all were rendered azoospermic during treatment. Following the completion of treatment, the fraction of patients whose sperm counts recovered increased gradually over 5 years and plateaued by 7 years, with two thirds of the men achieving normospermic levels. Scattered gonadal radiation dose and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were found to be independently significant determinants of recovery: the fraction of patients whose sperm counts recovered to 10 x 10(6)/mL were 83%, 47%, and 20% for those who received less than 9.5 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide, greater than 9.5 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide, and pelvic XRT, respectively. The inclusion of additional drugs and interferon alfa did not significantly affect the long-term recovery of spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION: Pelvic XRT and cumulative cyclophosphamide dosages greater than 9.5 g/m2 are associated with a high risk of permanent sterility in lymphoma patients treated with the CHOP-Bleo regimen.
PURPOSE: Treatment of lymphomas with combination chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy (XRT) can result in long-term or permanent azoospermia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Semen analyses of lymphomapatients were performed before, during, and after treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo) chemotherapy. Some of the patients also received other drugs or radiation therapy. RESULTS: Although no patients were azoospermic before treatment, all were rendered azoospermic during treatment. Following the completion of treatment, the fraction of patients whose sperm counts recovered increased gradually over 5 years and plateaued by 7 years, with two thirds of the men achieving normospermic levels. Scattered gonadal radiation dose and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were found to be independently significant determinants of recovery: the fraction of patients whose sperm counts recovered to 10 x 10(6)/mL were 83%, 47%, and 20% for those who received less than 9.5 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide, greater than 9.5 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide, and pelvic XRT, respectively. The inclusion of additional drugs and interferon alfa did not significantly affect the long-term recovery of spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION: Pelvic XRT and cumulative cyclophosphamide dosages greater than 9.5 g/m2 are associated with a high risk of permanent sterility in lymphomapatients treated with the CHOP-Bleo regimen.
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