Biochemical and haemodynamic indicators of stress in truck drivers.

In order to investigate the extent of stress reaction during driving, this study was carried out on truck drivers engaged in long distance work. For each driver, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were measured in urine, and dynamic ECG and blood pressure were monitored. The excretion rates of catecholamines showed great individual differences in the size of variations related to driving conditions. Epinephrine excretion rates were particularly high when weather and traffic conditions were more stressful. A relationship was found between epinephrine urinary levels and state-anxiety scores. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine was generally increased at the end of the working day and while driving in fog. The pattern of cortisol was not affected by the stress related to driving. The highest mean heart rates were monitored during difficult traffic and bad weather conditions.