Expansion of genes that encode MHC class I molecules in cyprinid fishes.

We have analyzed the genomic genes and the mRNA that encode MHC class I molecules in cyprinid fishes, namely, the ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) and the carp (Cyprinus carpio). The presence of several distinct class I genes was revealed in the genome of cyprinid fishes, and distinct class I genes that are expressed in carp cells were identified. The sequences of the alpha 3 domain of these class I genes are relatively well conserved, whereas the sequences of the respective alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains have diverged from one another. A comparison of the sequences expressed in carp with the sequences of the human classical class I molecules revealed that several amino acids in the peptide-binding region, including those that have been proposed to interact with antigenic peptide termini, are highly conserved. The present study demonstrated a dynamic expansion of the genes that encode MHC class I molecules in teleost fish whose ancestor branched off from the vertebrate line leading to mammals more than 400 million years ago.