Role of adrenal renin in the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis by corticotropin.

The major regulator of mineralocorticoid production in the adrenal is angiotensin II produced by the action of renal renin. The discovery that the rodent adrenal also synthesizes renin and angiotensinogen suggests there is autocrine regulation of mineralocorticoid synthesis. The transgenic rat [TGR(mREN2)27] expresses the Ren-2d gene predominantly in the adrenal. Despite suppressed kidney and plasma renin, these animals develop fulminant hypertension between 5 and 15 weeks of age. Corticosteroid concentrations are significantly elevated during hypertension development. We assessed steroidogenesis in TGR(mREN2)27 rats by analyzing the expression of the mRNAs for three steroidogenic enzymes: P450scc, the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis; P450c11 beta, which converts deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone in the zona fasciculata/reticularis; and P450c11AS, which converts deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone in the zona glomerulosa. P450c11AS mRNA, but neither P450c11 beta nor P450scc mRNA, was overexpressed in the adrenal gland of TGR(mREN2)27 rats. In situ hybridization with specific probes for P450c11 beta and P450c11AS mRNA localized the former exclusively to the zona fasciculata and the latter to the zona glomerulosa. In TGR(mREN2)27 rats, the size of the adrenal and number of P450c11AS-expressing zona glomerulosa cells were about twice those of a normal Sprague-Dawley rat. Both animals respond to corticotropin similarly; corticotropin had no effect on the expression of P450scc and P45011 beta mRNAs, rendered P450c11AS mRNA undetectable, and simultaneously altered the morphology of the adrenal cortex, resulting in a lack of zona glomerulosa-like cells. Thus, the local renin-angiotensin system has a major effect on the basal expression of P450c11AS mRNA, but little effect on the corticotropin-regulated expression of P450scc, P450c11 beta, and P450c11AS mRNAs.