Comprehension monitoring skills of adults with mental retardation.

The ability of 30 adults with mild and moderate levels of mental retardation to monitor their comprehension while performing a direction-following task was examined. Subjects were "employed" to aid the investigator in compiling objects for gift bags. The task consisted of 60 directions (e.g., "Give me a blue pencil"), of which 6 contained trouble sources (ambiguous directions, unintelligible words, and compliance problems). Each subject's response to the directions involving trouble sources was scored to determine if the subject (a) demonstrated effective comprehension monitoring (as indicated by an immediate awareness of the problem and effective attempt to rectify the problem), (b) requested clarification after attempting to comply with the direction and being unable to do so, (c) demonstrated ineffective comprehension monitoring (as indicated by an awareness of the problem but an ineffective means of dealing with it), or (d) showed no awareness of the trouble source. The ability of subjects to monitor comprehension varied with type of trouble source. Ambiguous trouble sources were the most difficult for the subjects to detect, and compliance-problem trouble sources were the most frequently identified.