Surgical aspects of renal transplantation: new approaches.

Refinements in surgical techniques and newer approaches to renal transplantation have yielded a safe and consistent operation that can be applied to most patients with end-stage renal disease. It is important that the transplant surgeon is familiar with the variety of approaches, especially when dealing with high-risk recipients due to prior transplantation of aortoiliac atherosclerotic disease. This article reviews the different technical approaches for renal transplantation and the recent advances in the management of postoperative complications.