Tracheostomy: a retrospective review of 281 cases.

Although tracheostomy is an ancient technique, disagreement continues concerning the complication rate associated with the procedure. A retrospective review of 281 consecutive tracheostomies was undertaken to evaluate the current risks of tracheostomy in tertiary care teaching hospitals. In addition, we sought to identify factors associated with increased morbidity. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed regarding indication and comorbidity factors. The majority of cases (56%) were performed on ICU patients. The total complication rate was 24%. A statistically significant increased risk of complications was found both in emergency situations and in ICU patients. Delaying tracheostomy was associated with prolongation of ICU stay. Despite the relatively large number of patients studied, there were no deaths.