Amidrazone analogues of D-ribofuranose as transition-state inhibitors of nucleoside hydrolase.

The transition state of inosine during hydrolysis by nucleoside hydrolase has been characterized by kinetic isotope effects, bond-energy/bond-order vibrational analysis, and molecular electrostatic potential surface calculations [Horenstein, B. A., Parkin, D. W., Estupinan, B., & Schramm, V. L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10788-10795; Horenstein, B. A., & Schramm, V. L. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 7089-7097]. The heterocyclic base is protonated and the anomeric carbon of the ribofuranosyl ring is flattened to form a transition-state with extensive oxocarbenium ion character. With their delocalized charge and flattened structures, amidrazone analogues of D-ribofuranose provide both geometric and electronic mimics of the ribosyl group at the transition-state of nucleoside hydrolase. A family of riboamidrazones was synthesized with H, phenyl, and p-nitrophenyl N-substituents. The analogues were competitive inhibitors with respect to inosine and gave Ki values of 10(-5), 2 x 10(-7), and 1 x 10(-8) M, respectively. (p-Nitrophenyl)riboamidrazone exhibited slow-onset, tight-binding inhibition, with an overall dissociation constant of 2 x 10(-9) M. The binding is reversible with an off-rate of 3 x 10(-3) s-1. Tight binding can be attributed to the close spatial match between the molecular geometry of (p-nitrophenyl)riboamidrazone and the transition-state stabilized by nucleoside hydrolase. The favorable binding interactions of the (p-nitrophenyl)riboamidrazone include oxocarbenium ion mimicry, isosteric ribosyl hydroxyls, and hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions at the nitrophenyl group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)