Expression of the Phytophthora infestans ipiB and ipiO genes in planta and in vitro.

The ipiB and ipiO genes of the potato late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary were isolated from a genomic library in a screen for genes induced in planta. Expression of these genes was studied during pathogenesis on various host tissues and different host plants, some of which show specific resistance against P. infestans infection. During pathogenesis on leaves and tubers of the fully susceptible potato cultivar (cv.) Ajax and on leaves of the fully susceptible tomato cv. Moneymaker, the P. infestans ipiB and ipiO genes show a transient expression pattern with highest mRNA levels in the early stages of infection. During the interaction with leaves of the partially resistant potato cv. Pimpernel, the expression is also transient but accumulation and disappearance of the mRNAs is delayed. Also in P. infestans inoculated onto a race-specific resistant potato cultivar and onto the nonhost Solanum nigrum, ipiB and ipiO mRNA is detectable during the initial stages of infection. Apparently, the expression of the ipiB and the ipiO genes is activated in compatible, incompatible and nonhost interactions. In encysted zoospores, ipiB and ipiO mRNA accumulation was not detectable, but during cyst germination and appressorium formation on an artificial surface the genes are highly expressed. Expression studies in mycelium grown in vitro revealed that during nutrient starvation the expression of the ipiB and ipiO genes is induced. For ipiO gene expression, carbon deprivation appeared to be sufficient. The ipiO gene promoters contain a sequence motif that functions as a glucose repression element in yeast and this motif might be involved in the regulation of ipiO gene expression.