Medicolegal perspectives on laparoscopic bile duct injuries.

Information from medical litigation serves as an important educational tool for surgeons. We believe that clinicians should be actively involved in a medico-legal analysis of bile duct injuries because it is the clinical expert witness who is called on to educate the lay jury regarding the standards of care in laparoscopic surgery. Ultimately, the strengths or weaknesses of the experts' arguments, as interpreted by the injury, determine the legal outcome of malpractice claims. Although the civil justice system proscribes the method by which litigation is adjudicated, it does not dictate the medical standards serving as benchmarks for treatment. Indeed, clinicians themselves dictate standards of medical care in surgical injuries accompanied by litigation. For this reason, clinicians are justified in their intense interest in the medicolegal aspects of these cases. At the same time, the reader is forewarned that this review focuses on medical factors of bile duct injury and on ideas that are empirically derived from analysis of past negligence litigation. As befits the role of an interested clinician only, no attempt is made to be advisory or complete on matters of case law.