OBJECTIVE: To study in depth sexual history and sexual behaviour variables as risk factors for HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population. METHODS: Following a socioeconomic and serological survey of a rural population in Masaka District, south-west Uganda, 233 randomly selected HIV-1-positive cases and 233 negative controls matched on age and village of residence, were invited in October 1990 to participate in a case-control study. A total of 132 cases and 161 controls attended for in-depth investigation including an interview about sexual behaviour. RESULTS: The factor most strongly associated with increased risk of infection was a greater number of lifetime sexual partners, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.1 and 4.9 for those reporting 4-10 and 11 or more partners, respectively, compared with those reporting less than four partners. Having only one sexual partner did not provide complete protection, a total of seven (one male, six female) subjects reporting only one sexual partner were HIV-1-positive. Other significant factors were a history of genital ulcers [OR, 2.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.0-9.1) and not being a Muslim (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8-16.5) suggesting a possible protective effect of circumcision. There was a suggestion that those who married within the last 7 years (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.9-6.1) and men exposed to menstrual blood (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 0.7-49.8) were at an increased risk of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the predominant role of sexual behaviour in the HIV-1 epidemic. Of particular concern is the observation of HIV-1 infection among those reporting only one partner. Where HIV-1 infection is widely distributed in the general population, risk reduction strategies should, in addition to the promotion of partner reduction, place strong emphasis on safe-sex techniques.
OBJECTIVE: To study in depth sexual history and sexual behaviour variables as risk factors for HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population. METHODS: Following a socioeconomic and serological survey of a rural population in Masaka District, south-west Uganda, 233 randomly selected HIV-1-positive cases and 233 negative controls matched on age and village of residence, were invited in October 1990 to participate in a case-control study. A total of 132 cases and 161 controls attended for in-depth investigation including an interview about sexual behaviour. RESULTS: The factor most strongly associated with increased risk of infection was a greater number of lifetime sexual partners, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.1 and 4.9 for those reporting 4-10 and 11 or more partners, respectively, compared with those reporting less than four partners. Having only one sexual partner did not provide complete protection, a total of seven (one male, six female) subjects reporting only one sexual partner were HIV-1-positive. Other significant factors were a history of genital ulcers [OR, 2.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.0-9.1) and not being a Muslim (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8-16.5) suggesting a possible protective effect of circumcision. There was a suggestion that those who married within the last 7 years (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.9-6.1) and men exposed to menstrual blood (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 0.7-49.8) were at an increased risk of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the predominant role of sexual behaviour in the HIV-1 epidemic. Of particular concern is the observation of HIV-1 infection among those reporting only one partner. Where HIV-1 infection is widely distributed in the general population, risk reduction strategies should, in addition to the promotion of partner reduction, place strong emphasis on safe-sex techniques.
Entities:
Keywords:
Africa; Africa South Of The Sahara; Behavior; Biology; Case Control Studies; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Diseases; Eastern Africa; English Speaking Africa; Hiv Infections; Multiple Partners; Population; Population Characteristics; Research Report; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Sex Behavior; Sexual Partners; Studies; Uganda; Viral Diseases
Authors: Eric Lugada; Debra Millar; John Haskew; Mark Grabowsky; Navneet Garg; Mikkel Vestergaard; James G Kahn; James G Khan; James Kahn; Nicholas Muraguri; Jonathan Mermin Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-08-26 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Christine L Mattson; Robert C Bailey; Kawango Agot; J O Ndinya-Achola; Stephen Moses Journal: Sex Transm Dis Date: 2007-10 Impact factor: 2.830
Authors: Andrew Vallely; Lisa Fitzgerald; Voletta Fiya; Herick Aeno; Angela Kelly; Joyce Sauk; Martha Kupul; James Neo; John Millan; Peter Siba; John M Kaldor Journal: BMC Res Notes Date: 2012-11-01