Dielectric spectroscopy of human erythrocytes: investigations under the influence of nystatin.

When placed in rotating electric fields red blood cells show a typical electrorotation spectrum with antifield rotation in the lower and cofield rotation in the higher frequency range. Assuming a spherical cell geometry, however, dielectrical parameters were obtained that differ from those measured by independent methods. Dielectrophoresis and, in particular, electrorotation yielded lower membrane capacitance values than expected. Introduction of an ellipsoidal model with an axis ratio of 1:2 allowed a description that proved to be consistent with dielectrophoresis and electrorotation data. For control cells an internal conductivity of 0.535 S/m, a specific membrane capacitance of 0.82 x 10(-2) F/m2, and a specific conductance of 480 S/m2 were obtained. The first characteristic frequency (frequency of fastest antifield rotation) and the related rotation speed can be measured quite quickly by means of a compensation method. Thus it was possible to follow changes of dielectric properties on individual cells after nystatin application. Ionophore-membrane interaction caused cell shrinkage in parallel to a decrease of the first characteristic frequency and rotation speed. Analysis of data revealed a decrease of the internal conductivity that is not only caused by ion loss but also, to a large extent, by a strong increase of hindrance because of shrinkage. Ionophore-induced membrane permeabilities can be calculated from volume decrease as well as from electrorotational data. In no case can these permeabilities count for the high membrane-AC conductivity that is attributed to the band-3 anion exchanging protein. The membrane-AC conductance was found not to be decreased for cells in Donnan equilibrium, which had leaked out almost completely.