Jumping performance of hylid frogs measured with high-speed cine film.

Jumping performance at 20 degrees C was assessed in five species of hylid frogs using high-speed cine film. Mean takeoff velocities (Vt) varied from 1.5 to 2.4 ms-1 among the species. Peak Vt varied from 1.9 to 2.9 ms-1. Body-mass-specific power output averaged over the entire takeoff period varied from 29 to 91 W kg-1 during the jumps with the highest takeoff velocities. These values are similar to those predicted from jumping distance. As the mass of muscles available to power the jump probably amounts to no more than 17% of the body mass, average muscle-mass-specific power can be over 500 W kg-1. The performance during jumping is even more impressive in view of the fact that the peak power during takeoff is about twice the average power. These frogs must use elastic storage to redistribute power during takeoff to produce the peak power required and may use pre-storage of elastic energy to boost the average power available.