Apparent functional independence of the mitochondrial and nuclear transcription systems in cultured human cells.

We have constructed a series of reporter constructs which test the effects of sequence elements from the control region of human mitochondrial DNA on expression in the nucleus, as assayed by transient expression in cultured human cells. The mitochondrial heavy-strand promoter (HSP) was unable to function as a promoter in nuclear DNA. Neither the HSP, nor the binding region for the mitochondrial transcription factor mtTF1 from the light-strand promoter, had any significant or systematic modulatory effects upon transcription from strong or weak RNA polymerase II (pol II) promoters, in three different human cell lines. The same finding held true regardless of orientation with respect to the start site of transcription. Similar results were obtained with a rho 0 derivative of one of these lines, indicating that mitochondrial promoter sequences in the nucleus cannot modulate transcription in response to altered mtDNA copy number. These results support the view that the nuclear and mitochondrial transcription systems in human cells are functionally independent, and do not communicate through factors recognizing shared sequence elements, as suggested by studies in yeast.