The CCKB receptor antagonist, L-365,260, elicits antidepressant-type effects in the forced-swim test in mice.

Selective CCKA and CCKB receptor agonists and antagonists were used to study the involvement of endogenous cholecystokinin in the behavioural changes that occur in mice in the forced-swimming test (Porsolt's test). The CCKB receptor antagonist, L-365,260 ((3R)-(+)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4- benzodiazepin-3-yl)-3-methylphenylurea), but not the CCKA receptor antagonist, devazepide ((3S)-(-)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin -3-yl)- 1H-indole-2-carboxamide), elicited an antidepressant-type response (a decrease in the duration of immobility) that was suppressed by previous treatment with either CCK-8 (H-Asp-Tyr(OSO3H)-Met-Gly- Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) or the selective CCKB receptor agonist BC-264 (Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-N(Me)-Nle-Asp-Phe- NH2). The L-365,260 effect was also prevented by the dopamine receptor antagonist, SCH-23,390 (a dopamine D1-selective receptor antagonist: R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine) and sulpiride (a dopamine D2-selective receptor antagonist: (-)-5-(aminosulfonyl)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) methyl]-2-metoxybenzamide). On the other hand, co-administration of subthreshold doses of L-365,260 and nomifensine (an atypical antidepressant that selectively blocks dopamine re-uptake mechanisms, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-8-isoquinolinamine) led to a potent antidepressant-type response. These results indicate that blocking of CCKB receptors could result in an increase of extracellular dopamine contents in some brain areas involved in depression and suggest a potential use of CCKB receptor antagonists, alone or combined with antidepressants, in the treatment of depressive syndromes.