Suitability of human milk for the low-birthweight infant.

Information is emerging now that supports the use of human milk for low-birthweight (LBW) infants. The nutritional benefits, in terms of protein digestion, amino and fatty acid patterns, fat absorption, and lactose digestion are recognized. Gastrointestinal function may be enhanced with human milk feeding. Profound effects on host defense, including a reduction in the rates of neonatal infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, recently have been acknowledged. To enable the LBW infant to continue to receive a mother's own milk, attention needs to be focused on specific nutrient limitations. Calcium and phosphorus require supplementation. Protein and sodium supplements may be needed. Commercial formulations are available that enable the fortification of human milk. Approaches that facilitate the feeding of a mother's own milk should be adopted by neonatal units.