Increasing survey responses using the total design method.

Surveys are a method commonly used by nurses to gather information about populations. This method is especially useful when planning educational programs for nurses, health professionals, and the general public. Nurses who plan educational programs for a variety of groups require adequate responses to plan programs effectively. A major weakness of the survey approach is low response rates. Dillman (1978) developed a total design method (TDM) that can maximize return rates. Twenty-eight studies that used Dillman's method produced an average response rate of 77% (McLaughlin & Marascuilo, 1990). This article describes Dillman's TDM and its application to planning continuing education and other programs.