Human mast cells produce type VIII collagen in vivo.

Mast cells are assuming importance not only in their familiar role in acute allergic and parasitic diseases but also in chronic inflammatory, immunologic and fibrotic states. The processes by which human extracellular matrices are influenced by mast cells have remained obscure. We report here the production of type VIII collagen by human mast cells. Mast cells representing each of the known phenotypes were identified in a variety of tissues using histochemical techniques, and monoclonal antibodies specific for tryptase, chymase, and c-kit. Mast cells in normal and pathologic tissues expressed type VIII collagen alpha-1 chain protein and mRNA, detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and non-isotopic oligonucleotide in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotide probes based on the published human alpha-1 collagen VIII sequence. Perivascular location of type VIII collagen positive mast cells was a striking finding. The secretion of type VIII collagen by mast cells in vivo may contribute to angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis.