Radical prostatectomy and prostate cancer screening: the need for national audit and research.

Public awareness of prostate cancer is increasing. Growing numbers of middle-aged men are seeking screening tests for prostate cancer and advice about its surgical treatment. Contrary to the hopes of many, the benefit of early diagnosis and by radical prostatectomy remains in doubt. Recent analyses suggest that 'watchful waiting', with no immediate treatment, may be an equally effective option. If this is true, why screen? Why operate? These questions should be a cause of concern to more than 1 million British men who are unaware that they have prostate cancer and to the providers of health care who have failed to address this dilemma. A national audit and randomised clinical trial are indicated.