Processing followed by complete editing of an altered mitochondrial atp6 RNA restores fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile rice.

Two atp6 genes were found in the mitochondrial genome of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice carrying the [cms-bo] cytoplasm. One (N-atp6) was identical to the normal cytoplasmic gene, while the second (B-atp6) was identified as a candidate CMS gene by Southern analysis of the mitochondrial genome of CMS cybrid rice. The coding sequence of B-atp6 was identical to the normal N-atp6 gene but its 3'-flanking sequence was different starting at 49 bases downstream from the stop codon. Northern analysis showed that B-atp6 is transcribed into a 2.0 kb RNA in the absence of the Rf-1 gene, whereas two discontinuous RNAs, of approximately 1.5 and 0.45 kb, were detected in the presence of the Rf-1 gene. Determination of the 3' and 5' ends of these RNAs suggested that the two discontinuous RNAs were generated from the 2.0 kb RNA by RNA processing at sites within the B-atp6-specific sequences by the action of the Rf-1 gene. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones derived from the N-atp6 RNA and the processed and unprocessed RNAs of B-atp6 indicated that the processed B-atp6 RNAs were edited as efficiently as the N-atp6, whereas unedited and partially edited RNAs were detected among unprocessed RNAs. RNA processing by Rf-1 thus influences the sequential post-transcriptional editing of the B-atp6 RNAs. Because the unprocessed RNAs of B-atp6 are possibly translated into altered polypeptides, our results suggest that interaction of RNA processing and editing plays a role in controlling CMS expression and the restoration of fertility in rice.