A Morabia1, T Ten Have, J R Landis. 1. Clinical Epidemiology Division, University Hospital of Canton, Geneva, Switzerland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To perform an empirical evaluation of the theory that relative incidence rate (RIR) and relative risk (RR) can be directly estimated from case-control studies that have different sampling schemes of controls. METHODS: With data from the South Wales nickel refinery workers (SWNRW) study, a nested case-control study of the relation of nickel exposure to respiratory cancers, was conducted within each of four fixed subcohorts that differed for stability of exposure, incidence rates and RIR. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated either with all available controls or with randomly sampled subsets of controls. RESULTS: Respiratory cancers were not rare as risk of nasal and lung cancer in workers unexposed to nickel varied from 15% to 26% over the full risk period. The RIR was adequately estimated by the OR when controls were identified concurrently to case occurrence throughout the risk period. The RR was well approximated with the OR when controls were a sample of the study base. CONCLUSIONS: These results add empirical support to the theory that the RIR or the RR can be validly estimated in case-control studies. Overall, this theory is relatively tolerant of large departures from the stability assumptions of exposure and of incidence.
OBJECTIVE: To perform an empirical evaluation of the theory that relative incidence rate (RIR) and relative risk (RR) can be directly estimated from case-control studies that have different sampling schemes of controls. METHODS: With data from the South Wales nickel refinery workers (SWNRW) study, a nested case-control study of the relation of nickel exposure to respiratory cancers, was conducted within each of four fixed subcohorts that differed for stability of exposure, incidence rates and RIR. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated either with all available controls or with randomly sampled subsets of controls. RESULTS:Respiratory cancers were not rare as risk of nasal and lung cancer in workers unexposed to nickel varied from 15% to 26% over the full risk period. The RIR was adequately estimated by the OR when controls were identified concurrently to case occurrence throughout the risk period. The RR was well approximated with the OR when controls were a sample of the study base. CONCLUSIONS: These results add empirical support to the theory that the RIR or the RR can be validly estimated in case-control studies. Overall, this theory is relatively tolerant of large departures from the stability assumptions of exposure and of incidence.
Authors: Jérémy Manry; Paul Bastard; Adrian Gervais; Tom Le Voyer; Jérémie Rosain; Quentin Philippot; Eleftherios Michailidis; Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann; Shohei Eto; Marina Garcia-Prat; Lucy Bizien; Alba Parra-Martínez; Rui Yang; Liis Haljasmägi; Mélanie Migaud; Karita Särekannu; Julia Maslovskaja; Nicolas de Prost; Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte; Charles-Edouard Luyt; Blanca Amador-Borrero; Alexandre Gaudet; Julien Poissy; Pascal Morel; Pascale Richard; Fabrice Cognasse; Jesús Troya; Sophie Trouillet-Assant; Alexandre Belot; Kahina Saker; Pierre Garçon; Jacques G Rivière; Jean-Christophe Lagier; Stéphanie Gentile; Lindsey B Rosen; Elana Shaw; Tomohiro Morio; Junko Tanaka; David Dalmau; Pierre-Louis Tharaux; Damien Sene; Alain Stepanian; Bruno Mégarbane; Vasiliki Triantafyllia; Arnaud Fekkar; James R Heath; José Luis Franco; Juan-Manuel Anaya; Jordi Solé-Violán; Luisa Imberti; Andrea Biondi; Paolo Bonfanti; Riccardo Castagnoli; Ottavia M Delmonte; Yu Zhang; Andrew L Snow; Steven M Holland; Catherine M Biggs; Marcela Moncada-Vélez; Andrés Augusto Arias; Lazaro Lorenzo; Soraya Boucherit; Dany Anglicheau; Anna M Planas; Filomeen Haerynck; Sotirija Duvlis; Tayfun Ozcelik; Sevgi Keles; Ahmed A Bousfiha; Jalila El Bakkouri; Carolina Ramirez-Santana; Stéphane Paul; Qiang Pan-Hammarström; Lennart Hammarström; Annabelle Dupont; Alina Kurolap; Christine N Metz; Alessandro Aiuti; Giorgio Casari; Vito Lampasona; Fabio Ciceri; Lucila A Barreiros; Elena Dominguez-Garrido; Mateus Vidigal; Mayana Zatz; Diederik van de Beek; Sabina Sahanic; Ivan Tancevski; Yurii Stepanovskyy; Oksana Boyarchuk; Yoko Nukui; Miyuki Tsumura; Loreto Vidaur; Stuart G Tangye; Sonia Burrel; Darragh Duffy; Lluis Quintana-Murci; Adam Klocperk; Nelli Y Kann; Anna Shcherbina; Yu-Lung Lau; Daniel Leung; Matthieu Coulongeat; Julien Marlet; Rutger Koning; Luis Felipe Reyes; Angélique Chauvineau-Grenier; Fabienne Venet; Guillaume Monneret; Michel C Nussenzweig; Romain Arrestier; Idris Boudhabhay; Hagit Baris-Feldman; David Hagin; Joost Wauters; Isabelle Meyts; Adam H Dyer; Sean P Kennelly; Nollaig M Bourke; Rabih Halwani; Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari; Karim Dorgham; Jérôme Sallette; Souad Mehlal Sedkaoui; Suzan AlKhater; Raúl Rigo-Bonnin; Francisco Morandeira; Lucie Roussel; Donald C Vinh; Christian Erikstrup; Antonio Condino-Neto; Carolina Prando; Anastasiia Bondarenko; András N Spaan; Laurent Gilardin; Jacques Fellay; Stanislas Lyonnet; Kaya Bilguvar; Richard P Lifton; Shrikant Mane; Mark S Anderson; Bertrand Boisson; Vivien Béziat; Shen-Ying Zhang; Evangelos Andreakos; Olivier Hermine; Aurora Pujol; Pärt Peterson; Trine H Mogensen; Lee Rowen; James Mond; Stéphanie Debette; Xavier de Lamballerie; Charles Burdet; Lila Bouadma; Marie Zins; Pere Soler-Palacin; Roger Colobran; Guy Gorochov; Xavier Solanich; Sophie Susen; Javier Martinez-Picado; Didier Raoult; Marc Vasse; Peter K Gregersen; Lorenzo Piemonti; Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego; Luigi D Notarangelo; Helen C Su; Kai Kisand; Satoshi Okada; Anne Puel; Emmanuelle Jouanguy; Charles M Rice; Pierre Tiberghien; Qian Zhang; Jean-Laurent Casanova; Laurent Abel; Aurélie Cobat Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2022-05-16 Impact factor: 12.779